1 | /*
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2 | *+
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3 | * Name:
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4 | * palAtmdsp
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5 |
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6 | * Purpose:
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7 | * Apply atmospheric-dispersion adjustments to refraction coefficients
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8 |
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9 | * Language:
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10 | * Starlink ANSI C
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11 |
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12 | * Type of Module:
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13 | * Library routine
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14 |
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15 | * Invocation:
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16 | * void palAtmdsp( double tdk, double pmb, double rh, double wl1,
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17 | * double a1, double b1, double wl2, double *a2, double *b2 );
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18 |
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19 |
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20 | * Arguments:
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21 | * tdk = double (Given)
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22 | * Ambient temperature, K
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23 | * pmb = double (Given)
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24 | * Ambient pressure, millibars
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25 | * rh = double (Given)
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26 | * Ambient relative humidity, 0-1
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27 | * wl1 = double (Given)
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28 | * Reference wavelength, micrometre (0.4 recommended)
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29 | * a1 = double (Given)
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30 | * Refraction coefficient A for wavelength wl1 (radians)
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31 | * b1 = double (Given)
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32 | * Refraction coefficient B for wavelength wl1 (radians)
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33 | * wl2 = double (Given)
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34 | * Wavelength for which adjusted A,B required
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35 | * a2 = double * (Returned)
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36 | * Refraction coefficient A for wavelength WL2 (radians)
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37 | * b2 = double * (Returned)
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38 | * Refraction coefficient B for wavelength WL2 (radians)
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39 |
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40 | * Description:
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41 | * Apply atmospheric-dispersion adjustments to refraction coefficients.
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42 |
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43 | * Authors:
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44 | * TIMJ: Tim Jenness
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45 | * PTW: Patrick Wallace
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46 | * {enter_new_authors_here}
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47 |
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48 | * Notes:
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49 | * - To use this routine, first call palRefco specifying WL1 as the
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50 | * wavelength. This yields refraction coefficients A1,B1, correct
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51 | * for that wavelength. Subsequently, calls to palAtmdsp specifying
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52 | * different wavelengths will produce new, slightly adjusted
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53 | * refraction coefficients which apply to the specified wavelength.
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54 | *
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55 | * - Most of the atmospheric dispersion happens between 0.7 micrometre
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56 | * and the UV atmospheric cutoff, and the effect increases strongly
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57 | * towards the UV end. For this reason a blue reference wavelength
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58 | * is recommended, for example 0.4 micrometres.
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59 | *
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60 | * - The accuracy, for this set of conditions:
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61 | *
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62 | * height above sea level 2000 m
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63 | * latitude 29 deg
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64 | * pressure 793 mb
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65 | * temperature 17 degC
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66 | * humidity 50%
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67 | * lapse rate 0.0065 degC/m
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68 | * reference wavelength 0.4 micrometre
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69 | * star elevation 15 deg
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70 | *
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71 | * is about 2.5 mas RMS between 0.3 and 1.0 micrometres, and stays
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72 | * within 4 mas for the whole range longward of 0.3 micrometres
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73 | * (compared with a total dispersion from 0.3 to 20.0 micrometres
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74 | * of about 11 arcsec). These errors are typical for ordinary
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75 | * conditions and the given elevation; in extreme conditions values
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76 | * a few times this size may occur, while at higher elevations the
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77 | * errors become much smaller.
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78 | *
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79 | * - If either wavelength exceeds 100 micrometres, the radio case
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80 | * is assumed and the returned refraction coefficients are the
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81 | * same as the given ones. Note that radio refraction coefficients
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82 | * cannot be turned into optical values using this routine, nor
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83 | * vice versa.
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84 | *
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85 | * - The algorithm consists of calculation of the refractivity of the
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86 | * air at the observer for the two wavelengths, using the methods
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87 | * of the palRefro routine, and then scaling of the two refraction
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88 | * coefficients according to classical refraction theory. This
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89 | * amounts to scaling the A coefficient in proportion to (n-1) and
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90 | * the B coefficient almost in the same ratio (see R.M.Green,
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91 | * "Spherical Astronomy", Cambridge University Press, 1985).
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92 |
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93 | * History:
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94 | * 2014-07-15 (TIMJ):
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95 | * Initial version. A direct copy of the Fortran SLA implementation.
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96 | * Adapted with permission from the Fortran SLALIB library.
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97 | * {enter_further_changes_here}
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98 |
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99 | * Copyright:
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100 | * Copyright (C) 2014 Tim Jenness
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101 | * Copyright (C) 2005 Patrick Wallace
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102 | * All Rights Reserved.
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103 |
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104 | * Licence:
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105 | * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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106 | * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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107 | * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
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108 | * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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109 | *
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110 | * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
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111 | * useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
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112 | * warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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113 | * PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
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114 | *
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115 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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116 | * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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117 | * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
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118 | * MA 02110-1301, USA.
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119 |
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120 | * Bugs:
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121 | * {note_any_bugs_here}
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122 | *-
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123 | */
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124 |
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125 | #include "pal.h"
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126 | #include "palmac.h"
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127 | #include <math.h>
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128 |
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129 | void palAtmdsp ( double tdk, double pmb, double rh, double wl1,
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130 | double a1, double b1, double wl2, double *a2, double *b2 ) {
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131 |
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132 | double f,tdkok,pmbok,rhok;
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133 | double psat,pwo,w1,wlok,wlsq,w2,dn1,dn2;
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134 |
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135 | /* Check for radio wavelengths */
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136 | if (wl1 > 100.0 || wl2 > 100.0) {
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137 |
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138 | /* Radio: no dispersion */
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139 | *a2 = a1;
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140 | *b2 = b1;
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141 |
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142 | } else {
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143 |
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144 | /* Optical: keep arguments within safe bounds */
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145 | tdkok = DMIN(DMAX(tdk,100.0),500.0);
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146 | pmbok = DMIN(DMAX(pmb,0.0),10000.0);
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147 | rhok = DMIN(DMAX(rh,0.0),1.0);
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148 |
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149 | /* Atmosphere parameters at the observer */
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150 | psat = pow(10.0, -8.7115+0.03477*tdkok);
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151 | pwo = rhok*psat;
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152 | w1 = 11.2684e-6*pwo;
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153 |
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154 | /* Refractivity at the observer for first wavelength */
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155 | wlok = DMAX(wl1,0.1);
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156 | wlsq = wlok*wlok;
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157 | w2 = 77.5317e-6+(0.43909e-6+0.00367e-6/wlsq)/wlsq;
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158 | dn1 = (w2*pmbok-w1)/tdkok;
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159 |
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160 | /* Refractivity at the observer for second wavelength */
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161 | wlok = DMAX(wl2,0.1);
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162 | wlsq = wlok*wlok;
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163 | w2 = 77.5317e-6+(0.43909e-6+0.00367e-6/wlsq)/wlsq;
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164 | dn2 = (w2*pmbok-w1)/tdkok;
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165 |
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166 | /* Scale the refraction coefficients (see Green 4.31, p93) */
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167 | if (dn1 != 0.0) {
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168 | f = dn2/dn1;
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169 | *a2 = a1*f;
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170 | *b2 = b1*f;
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171 | if (dn1 != a1) {
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172 | *b2 *= (1.0+dn1*(dn1-dn2)/(2.0*(dn1-a1)));
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173 | }
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174 | } else {
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175 | *a2 = a1;
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176 | *b2 = b1;
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177 | }
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178 | }
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179 |
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180 | }
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