| 1 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 2 | %%%  magic-tdas.tex -- template to write MAGIC-TDAS documents | 
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| 3 | %%%----------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 4 | %%%  Kopyleft (K) 2000 J C Gonzalez | 
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| 5 | %%%  Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik, | 
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| 6 | %%%  Foehringer Ring 6, 80805 Muenchen, Germany | 
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| 7 | %%%  E-mail: gonzalez@mppmu.mpg.de | 
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| 8 | %%%----------------------------------------------------------------- | 
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| 9 | %%%  This program is free software; you can redistribute, copy, | 
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| 10 | %%%  modify, use it and its documentation for any purpose, | 
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| 11 | %%%  provided that the above copyright notice appear in all | 
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| 12 | %%%  copies and that both that copyright notice and this | 
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| 13 | %%%  permission notice appear in supporting documentation. | 
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| 14 | %%% | 
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| 15 | %%%  This piece of code is distributed in the hope that it will | 
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| 16 | %%%  be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the | 
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| 17 | %%%  implied warranty of FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | 
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| 18 | %%% | 
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| 19 | %%%  Although you can actually do whatever you want with this | 
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| 20 | %%%  file (following the copyright notice above), your are | 
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| 21 | %%%  strongly encouraged NOT to edit directly this file. | 
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| 22 | %%%  Instead, make a copy and edit the copy for your purposes. | 
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| 23 | %%% | 
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| 24 | %%%  Modifying thie original file means that you actually have | 
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| 25 | %%%  the (very basic) knowledge needed to make things by your | 
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| 26 | %%%  own, and therefore... you will not get _any_ additional | 
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| 27 | %%%  support  :-) | 
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| 28 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 29 | %%%  Last update: Time-stamp: <Thu Mar  2 09:31:41 CET 2000> | 
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| 30 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 31 | % | 
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| 32 | \documentclass[12pt]{article} | 
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| 33 |  | 
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| 34 | \usepackage{magic-tdas} | 
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| 35 | \usepackage{xspace} | 
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| 36 | \usepackage{color} | 
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| 37 | %\usepackage[polish]{babel} | 
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| 38 | \newcommand{\he}{HETE-2\xspace} | 
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| 39 | \newcommand{\ig}{INTEGRAL\xspace} | 
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| 40 | \newcommand{\sw}{SWIFT\xspace} | 
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| 41 | \newcommand{\eg}{EGRET\xspace} | 
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| 42 | \newcommand{\ba}{BATSE\xspace} | 
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| 43 | \newcommand{\ma}{MAGIC\xspace} | 
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| 44 | \newcommand{\ip}{IPN\xspace} | 
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| 45 | \newcommand{\g}{GCN\xspace} | 
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| 46 |  | 
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| 47 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 48 | %% BEGIN DOCUMENT | 
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| 49 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 50 | \begin{document} | 
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| 51 |  | 
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| 52 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 53 | %% Please, for the formatting just include here the standard | 
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| 54 | %% elements: title, author, date, plus TDAScode | 
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| 55 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 56 | \title{Proposal for the Observation of Gamma-Ray Bursts with the MAGIC Telescope} | 
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| 57 | %       {\it \Large DRAFT 2.1 }} | 
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| 58 | \author{\begin{minipage} [c]{0.8\linewidth} | 
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| 59 | \begin{tabular}{l l l} | 
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| 60 | PI: & Nicola Galante & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena \\ | 
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| 61 | Co-I: & Denis Bastieri & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\ | 
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| 62 | & Markus Gaug & IFAE Barcelona \\ | 
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| 63 | & Markus Garczarczyk & MPI Munich \\ | 
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| 64 | & Satoko Mizobuchi & MPI Munich \\ | 
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| 65 | & Riccardo Paoletti & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\ | 
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| 66 | & Luigi Peruzzo  & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\ | 
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| 67 | Co-DA: & Martina Fagiolini & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\ | 
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| 68 | & Tiziano Lenisa    & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Udine \\ | 
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| 69 | & Abelardo Moralejo & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\ | 
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| 70 | & Francesco Longo   & INFN Trieste \\ | 
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| 71 | & Alessio Piccioli  & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\ | 
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| 72 | Co-Th: & Steve Shore & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Pisa \\ | 
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| 73 | \end{tabular} | 
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| 74 | \end{minipage} | 
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| 75 | } | 
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| 76 |  | 
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| 77 | \date{March, 2005\\} | 
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| 78 | \TDAScode{MAGIC-TDAS 05-03\\ 050321/NGalante} | 
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| 79 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 80 | %% title %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 81 | \maketitle | 
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| 82 |  | 
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| 83 | %% Summary %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 84 | \begin{abstract} | 
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| 85 | We ask for observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) for the next six months of the year 2005. | 
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| 86 | We present a detailed strategy for the observation of GRBs, X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) and | 
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| 87 | Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGR) | 
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| 88 | (which are included in our proposal, given their similarities to GRB phenomena). | 
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| 89 | The observations will be mainly triggered by \sw. | 
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| 90 | In addition, the \he and \ig satellites can contribute a small number of alerts. | 
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| 91 | The \sw collaboration expects a total alert rate of about 15 per month -- | 
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| 92 | although with big uncertainties -- out of which 1--2 should be | 
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| 93 | observable by \ma due to our | 
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| 94 | duty cycle. The overlap in sky converages between \sw and \ma seems to be favorable for \ma. | 
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| 95 | As it is still unknown how many alerts \sw will deliver exactly, | 
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| 96 | we cannot predict the alert frequency now to better than 100\% | 
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| 97 | uncertainty. | 
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| 98 | This leads to an expected observation time of 5$\pm$5 hours per month. | 
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| 99 | This number includes observation during the moon-time. | 
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| 100 | We give a detailed description of the observation procedures in La Palma and | 
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| 101 | propose to spend few dedicated nights to test the automatic alert procedure | 
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| 102 | with the subsystem experts. We suggest to review the situation in half a year from now. | 
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| 103 | \end{abstract} | 
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| 104 |  | 
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| 105 | %% contents %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 106 | \newpage | 
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| 107 | \thetableofcontents | 
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| 108 |  | 
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| 109 | %% body %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 110 | \include{ScientificCase} | 
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| 111 | \include{Alerts} | 
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| 112 | \include{Monitor} | 
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| 113 | \include{Strategies} | 
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| 114 | \include{Timing} | 
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| 115 | \include{Requirements} | 
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| 116 | \include{Tests} | 
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| 117 | %------------------------------------------------------------ | 
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| 118 |  | 
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| 119 |  | 
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| 120 | %%% BIBLIOGRAPHY %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 121 |  | 
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| 122 | %%>>>> Use the following if you are using BibTeX for bibliography | 
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| 123 | %\theBibliography | 
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| 124 |  | 
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| 125 | %%>>>> Or the following if you include here by hand your | 
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| 126 | %%>>>> bibliographic entries | 
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| 127 | \begin{thebibliography}{900} | 
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| 128 |  | 
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| 129 | % References in the introduction | 
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| 130 | \bibitem{design} The MAGIC Telescope, Design study for the construction of a 17~m diameter Cherenkov | 
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| 131 | telescope for Gamma-Astronomy above 10~GeV, March 1998, Version 5. | 
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| 132 | \bibitem{PETRY} The MAGIC Telescope - Prospects for GRB research, | 
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| 133 | D. Petry for the MAGIC collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 138, 601, 1999. | 
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| 134 | \bibitem{HARTMANN} Gamma-Ray Bursts and Cosmic Radiation Backgrounds, | 
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| 135 | Hartmann D.H., Kneiske T.M., Mannheim K.,Watanabe K., AIP Conference Proceedings, 662, 442, 2003. | 
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| 136 | \bibitem{MANNHEIM} Mannheim K., Hartmann D., Burkhardt F., ApJ, 467, 532, 1996. | 
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| 137 | \bibitem{DERMER} Beaming, Baryon loading, and the Synchrotron Self-Compton Component in Gamma-Ray Bursts, | 
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| 138 | Dermer \& Chiang, ApJ, 537, 785, 2000. | 
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| 139 | \bibitem{PILLA} Emission Spectra from Internal Shocks in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources, | 
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| 140 | Pilla R.P., Loeb A., ApJ, 494, L167, 1998. | 
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| 141 | \bibitem{ZHANG1} High-Energy Spectral Components in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows, | 
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| 142 | Zhang B., Meszaros P., ApJ, 559, 110, 2001. | 
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| 143 | \bibitem{RAZZAQUE} GeV and Higher Energy Photon Interactions in GRB Fireballs and Surroundings, | 
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| 144 | Razzaque S., Meszaros P., Zhang B., ApJ, 613, 1072, 2004. | 
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| 145 | \bibitem{TOTANI} Very strong TeV emission as Gamma-Ray Bursts Afterglows, | 
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| 146 | Totani T., ApJ, 502, L13 (1998), 509 L81 (1998), 536, L23, 2000. | 
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| 147 | \bibitem{WAXMAN} Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Highest Energy Cosmics Rays, | 
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| 148 | Waxman E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 386, 1995. | 
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| 149 | \bibitem{BOETTCHER} High-energy Gamma-Rays from Ultra-high-energy Protons in Gamma-Ray Bursts, | 
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| 150 | Boettcher M, Dermer C.D., ApJ. 499 L131, 1998. | 
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| 151 | \bibitem{MESZAROS93} Meszaros P., Rees M., Astrophys. J. 418 L59, 1993. | 
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| 152 | \bibitem{CHIANG} Synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission in the Blase-Wave Model of Gamma-Ray | 
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| 153 | Bursts, Chiang J., Dermer C.D., ApJ. 512, 699, 1999. | 
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| 154 | \bibitem{ZHANG2} HE Spectral Components in GRB Afterglows, | 
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| 155 | Zhang B., Meszaros P., ApJ. 559, 110, 2001. | 
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| 156 | \bibitem{BELOBORODOV} Optical and GeV-TeV Flashes from GRBs, Beloborodov A., ApJ, 618, L13, 2005. | 
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| 157 | \bibitem{LI} Long-term neutrino afterglows from gamma-ray bursts, | 
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| 158 | Li Z., Dai G., Lu T., A\&A 96, 303 (2002). | 
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| 159 | \bibitem{ASAF2} Prompt GRB Spectra: Detailed Calculation and the Effect of Pair Production, | 
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| 160 | Pe'er A., Waxman E., ApJ, 603, 448, 2004. | 
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| 161 | \bibitem{EGRET} Detection of a gamma-ray burst of very long duration and very high energy, | 
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| 162 | Hurley K. et al., Nature, 372, 652. | 
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| 163 | \bibitem{DINGUS1} Observations of the Highest Energy Gamma Rays from GRBs, | 
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| 164 | Dingus B.L., AIP Conference Proceedings, 662, 240, 2003. | 
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| 165 | \bibitem{DINGUS2} ESLAB29, Towards the Source of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Dingus, Ap\&SS, 231, 187, 1995. | 
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| 166 | \bibitem{GONZALES} A GRB with high-energy Spectral Component Inconsistent with the Synchrotron Shock Model, Gonzales at al., Nature, 424, 749, 2003. | 
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| 167 | \bibitem{AMENOMORI} Search for 10 TeV burst-like events coincident with the BATSE bursts | 
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| 168 | using the TIBET Air Shower Array, Amenomori M., et al., A\&A, 311, 919, 1996. | 
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| 169 | \bibitem{CONNAUGHTON1} A Search for TeV Counterparts to BATSE GRBs, | 
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| 170 | Connaughton at al., ApJ, 479, 859, 1997. | 
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| 171 | \bibitem{PADILLA} Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts above 20~TeV with the HEGRA AIROBICC Cherenkov Array, | 
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| 172 | Padilla at al., A\&A, 337, 43, 1998. | 
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| 173 | \bibitem{CONNAUGHTON2} A Search for TeV GRBs on a 1-second time-scale, | 
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| 174 | Connaughton at al., Astroparticle Physics, vol. 8, no. 3, 179, 1998. | 
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| 175 | \bibitem{MILAGRO} The high-energy gamma-ray fluence and energy spectrum of GRB 970417A | 
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| 176 | from observations with Milagrito, R. Atkins et al., ApJ, 533, L119, 2000. | 
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| 177 | \bibitem{GRAND} Sub-TeV Gammas in Coincidence with BATSE Gamma Ray Bursts, | 
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| 178 | Poirier J, et al., Physical Review D, 67, 042001, 2003. | 
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| 179 | \bibitem{ICRC} The MAGIC Telescope and the Observation of GRBs, | 
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| 180 | Galante N. et al., Proceedings of the 28$^{th}$ ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003. | 
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| 181 | \bibitem{NICOLA} Il Telescopio MAGIC per l'osservazione dei Gamma Ray Bursts, | 
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| 182 | Nicola Galante, tesi di laurea, (available at: http://www.pd.infn.it/magic/publi.html), 2002. | 
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| 183 | \bibitem{GUETTA} The Luminosity and Angular Distributions of Logn-Duration GRBs, | 
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| 184 | Guetta D., Piran T., Waxman E., astroph/0311488, 2003. | 
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| 185 | \bibitem{DADO} Dado S. et al, A\&A, 422, 381, 2004 | 
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| 186 | \bibitem{HUANG} Huang Y.F., Dai Z. G., Lu T., MNRAS, 332, 735, 2002. | 
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| 187 | \bibitem{BARRAUD} Barraud C. et al, A\&A, 400, 1021, 2003. | 
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| 188 | \bibitem{LEVAN} Levan A. et al, astro-ph/0410560, 2004. | 
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| 189 | \bibitem{FARGION} Fargion D. astro-ph/0011403, 2000. | 
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| 190 | \bibitem{GCN3002} GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT, 3002, 2005 | 
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| 191 |  | 
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| 192 | %References used in chapter 2: Burst Alert System | 
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| 193 |  | 
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| 194 | \bibitem{GCN} The GCN homepage: http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | 
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| 195 | \bibitem{HETE} The HETE homepage: http://space.mit.edu/HETE/ | 
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| 196 | \bibitem{INTEGRAL} The INTEGRAL homepage: http://astro.estec.esa.nl/Integral/isoc/ | 
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| 197 | \bibitem{SWIFT} The SWIFT homepage: http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/ | 
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| 198 | \bibitem{CONTROL} MAGIC-TDAS 00-07, Cortina J, 2004. | 
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| 199 |  | 
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| 200 | %References used in Strategies | 
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| 201 |  | 
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| 202 | \bibitem{KNEISKE} Kneiske T.M., Bretz T., Mannheim K., Hartmann D.H., A\&A 413, 807, 2004. | 
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| 203 | \bibitem{SALOMON} Absorption of HE Gamma Rays by Interactions with Extragalactic Starlight Photons at High Redshifts and the HE Gamma-Ray Background, Salomon M.H., Stecker F.J., ApJ, 493, 547, 1998. | 
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| 204 | \bibitem{GRB030329} Spectra of the burst: http://space.mit.edu/HETE/Bursts/GRB030329/ | 
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| 205 | \bibitem{ecl} Private communication with Lorenz E. | 
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| 206 | \bibitem{JUAN} Private communication with Cortina J. | 
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| 207 |  | 
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| 208 | %References used in Timing | 
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| 209 | \bibitem{REES1} Rees M., Meszaros P., MNRAS, 258, P41, 1992. | 
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| 210 | \bibitem{REES2} Rees M., Meszaros P., ApJ, 430, P93, 1994. | 
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| 211 | \bibitem{DERISHEV} HE Gamma-Ray Emission Expected from GRBs, | 
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| 212 | Derishev E.V., et al., AIP Conference Proceedings, 558, 405, 2001. | 
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| 213 | \bibitem{WANG} Constraining the Origin of TeV Photons from GRBs with Delayed MeV-GeV Emission | 
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| 214 | Formed by the Interaction with CMB Photons, Wang, at al., ApJ, 604, 306, 2004. | 
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| 215 |  | 
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| 216 | %Not used references | 
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| 217 |  | 
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| 218 | %\bibitem{PAZCYNSKI} Pazcy\'{n}ski B., Astrophys. J. 308 L43 (1986) | 
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| 219 | %\bibitem{GOODMAN} Goodman J., Astrophys. J. 308 L47 (1986) | 
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| 220 | %\bibitem{SARI} Sari R., Piran T., Narayan R., Astrophys. J. 497 L17 (1998) | 
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| 221 | %\bibitem{XU} Pazcy\'{n}ski B., Xu G., Astrophys. J. 427 708 (1994) | 
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| 222 |  | 
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| 223 | %\bibitem{MESZAROS94} Meszaros P., Rees M., MNRAS 289 L41 (1994) | 
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| 224 |  | 
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| 225 | \end{thebibliography} | 
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| 226 |  | 
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| 227 | \end{document} | 
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| 228 | % | 
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| 229 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 230 | %%% Upper-case    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | 
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| 231 | %%% Lower-case    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | 
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| 232 | %%% Digits        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | 
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| 233 | %%% Exclamation   !           Double quote "          Hash (number) # | 
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| 234 | %%% Dollar        $           Percent      %          Ampersand     & | 
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| 235 | %%% Acute accent  '           Left paren   (          Right paren   ) | 
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| 236 | %%% Asterisk      *           Plus         +          Comma         , | 
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| 237 | %%% Minus         -           Point        .          Solidus       / | 
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| 238 | %%% Colon         :           Semicolon    ;          Less than     < | 
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| 239 | %%% Equals        =           Greater than >          Question mark ? | 
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| 240 | %%% At            @           Left bracket [          Backslash     \ | 
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| 241 | %%% Right bracket ]           Circumflex   ^          Underscore    _ | 
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| 242 | %%% Grave accent  `           Left brace   {          Vertical bar  | | 
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| 243 | %%% Right brace   }           Tilde        ~ | 
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| 244 | %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% | 
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| 245 | %% Local Variables: | 
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| 246 | %% mode:latex | 
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| 247 | %% mode:font-lock | 
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| 248 | %% mode:auto-fill | 
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| 249 | %% time-stamp-line-limit:100 | 
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| 250 | %% End: | 
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| 251 | %% EOF | 
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