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%%%  Kopyleft (K) 2000 J C Gonzalez
%%%  Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physik,
%%%  Foehringer Ring 6, 80805 Muenchen, Germany
%%%  E-mail: gonzalez@mppmu.mpg.de
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\documentclass[12pt]{article}

\usepackage{magic-tdas}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage{color}
%\usepackage[polish]{babel}
\newcommand{\he}{HETE-2\xspace}
\newcommand{\ig}{INTEGRAL\xspace}
\newcommand{\sw}{SWIFT\xspace}
\newcommand{\eg}{EGRET\xspace}
\newcommand{\ba}{BATSE\xspace}
\newcommand{\ma}{MAGIC\xspace}
\newcommand{\ip}{IPN\xspace}
\newcommand{\g}{GCN\xspace}

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\begin{document}

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\title{Proposal for the Observation of Gamma-Ray Bursts with the MAGIC Telescope}
%       {\it \Large DRAFT 2.1 }}
\author{\begin{minipage} [c]{0.8\linewidth}
\begin{tabular}{l l l}
PI: & Nicola Galante & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena \\
Co-I: & Denis Bastieri & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\
      & Markus Gaug & IFAE Barcelona \\
      & Markus Garczarczyk & MPI Munich \\
      & Satoko Mizobuchi & MPI Munich \\
      & Riccardo Paoletti & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\
      & Luigi Peruzzo  & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\
Co-DA: & Martina Fagiolini & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\
       & Tiziano Lenisa    & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Udine \\
       & Abelardo Moralejo & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Padova\\
       & Francesco Longo   & INFN Trieste \\
       & Alessio Piccioli  & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Siena\\
Co-Th: & Steve Shore & Universit{\`a} degli Studi di Pisa \\
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
}

\date{March, 2005\\}
\TDAScode{MAGIC-TDAS 05-03\\ 050321/NGalante}
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\begin{abstract}
We ask for observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) for the next six months of the year 2005.
We present a detailed strategy for the observation of GRBs, X-Ray Flashes (XRFs) and 
Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGR)
(which are included in our proposal, given their similarities to GRB phenomena).
The observations will be mainly triggered by \sw.
In addition, the \he and \ig satellites can contribute a small number of alerts.
The \sw collaboration expects a total alert rate of about 15 per month --
although with big uncertainties -- out of which 1--2 should be
observable by \ma due to our
duty cycle. The overlap in sky converages between \sw and \ma seems to be favorable for \ma.
As it is still unknown how many alerts \sw will deliver exactly, 
we cannot predict the alert frequency now to better than 100\%
uncertainty.  
This leads to an expected observation time of 5$\pm$5 hours per month.
This number includes observation during the moon-time.
We give a detailed description of the observation procedures in La Palma and
propose to spend few dedicated nights to test the automatic alert procedure
with the subsystem experts. We suggest to review the situation in half a year from now.
\end{abstract}

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\thetableofcontents

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\include{ScientificCase}
\include{Alerts}
\include{Monitor}
\include{Strategies}
\include{Timing}
\include{Requirements}
\include{Tests}
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%%% BIBLIOGRAPHY %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%>>>> Use the following if you are using BibTeX for bibliography
%\theBibliography

%%>>>> Or the following if you include here by hand your
%%>>>> bibliographic entries
\begin{thebibliography}{900}

% References in the introduction
\bibitem{design} The MAGIC Telescope, Design study for the construction of a 17~m diameter Cherenkov
telescope for Gamma-Astronomy above 10~GeV, March 1998, Version 5.
\bibitem{PETRY} The MAGIC Telescope - Prospects for GRB research,
D. Petry for the MAGIC collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 138, 601, 1999.
\bibitem{HARTMANN} Gamma-Ray Bursts and Cosmic Radiation Backgrounds,
Hartmann D.H., Kneiske T.M., Mannheim K.,Watanabe K., AIP Conference Proceedings, 662, 442, 2003.
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\bibitem{DERMER} Beaming, Baryon loading, and the Synchrotron Self-Compton Component in Gamma-Ray Bursts,
Dermer \& Chiang, ApJ, 537, 785, 2000.
\bibitem{PILLA} Emission Spectra from Internal Shocks in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources,
Pilla R.P., Loeb A., ApJ, 494, L167, 1998.
\bibitem{ZHANG1} High-Energy Spectral Components in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows,
Zhang B., Meszaros P., ApJ, 559, 110, 2001.
\bibitem{RAZZAQUE} GeV and Higher Energy Photon Interactions in GRB Fireballs and Surroundings,
Razzaque S., Meszaros P., Zhang B., ApJ, 613, 1072, 2004.
\bibitem{TOTANI} Very strong TeV emission as Gamma-Ray Bursts Afterglows,
Totani T., ApJ, 502, L13 (1998), 509 L81 (1998), 536, L23, 2000.
\bibitem{WAXMAN} Cosmological Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Highest Energy Cosmics Rays,
Waxman E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 386, 1995.
\bibitem{BOETTCHER} High-energy Gamma-Rays from Ultra-high-energy Protons in Gamma-Ray Bursts,
Boettcher M, Dermer C.D., ApJ. 499 L131, 1998.
\bibitem{MESZAROS93} Meszaros P., Rees M., Astrophys. J. 418 L59, 1993.
\bibitem{CHIANG} Synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission in the Blase-Wave Model of Gamma-Ray 
Bursts, Chiang J., Dermer C.D., ApJ. 512, 699, 1999.
\bibitem{ZHANG2} HE Spectral Components in GRB Afterglows,
Zhang B., Meszaros P., ApJ. 559, 110, 2001.
\bibitem{BELOBORODOV} Optical and GeV-TeV Flashes from GRBs, Beloborodov A., ApJ, 618, L13, 2005.
\bibitem{LI} Long-term neutrino afterglows from gamma-ray bursts,
Li Z., Dai G., Lu T., A\&A 96, 303 (2002).
\bibitem{ASAF2} Prompt GRB Spectra: Detailed Calculation and the Effect of Pair Production,
Pe'er A., Waxman E., ApJ, 603, 448, 2004.
\bibitem{EGRET} Detection of a gamma-ray burst of very long duration and very high energy, 
Hurley K. et al., Nature, 372, 652.
\bibitem{DINGUS1} Observations of the Highest Energy Gamma Rays from GRBs,
Dingus B.L., AIP Conference Proceedings, 662, 240, 2003.
\bibitem{DINGUS2} ESLAB29, Towards the Source of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Dingus, Ap\&SS, 231, 187, 1995.
\bibitem{GONZALES} A GRB with high-energy Spectral Component Inconsistent with the Synchrotron Shock Model, Gonzales at al., Nature, 424, 749, 2003.
\bibitem{AMENOMORI} Search for 10 TeV burst-like events coincident with the BATSE bursts
using the TIBET Air Shower Array, Amenomori M., et al., A\&A, 311, 919, 1996.
\bibitem{CONNAUGHTON1} A Search for TeV Counterparts to BATSE GRBs,
Connaughton at al., ApJ, 479, 859, 1997.
\bibitem{PADILLA} Search for Gamma-Ray Bursts above 20~TeV with the HEGRA AIROBICC Cherenkov Array,
Padilla at al., A\&A, 337, 43, 1998.
\bibitem{CONNAUGHTON2} A Search for TeV GRBs on a 1-second time-scale,
Connaughton at al., Astroparticle Physics, vol. 8, no. 3, 179, 1998.
\bibitem{MILAGRO} The high-energy gamma-ray fluence and energy spectrum of GRB 970417A
from observations with Milagrito, R. Atkins et al., ApJ, 533, L119, 2000.
\bibitem{GRAND} Sub-TeV Gammas in Coincidence with BATSE Gamma Ray Bursts,
Poirier J, et al., Physical Review D, 67, 042001, 2003.
\bibitem{ICRC} The MAGIC Telescope and the Observation of GRBs,
Galante N. et al., Proceedings of the 28$^{th}$ ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, 2003.
\bibitem{NICOLA} Il Telescopio MAGIC per l'osservazione dei Gamma Ray Bursts,
Nicola Galante, tesi di laurea, (available at: http://www.pd.infn.it/magic/publi.html), 2002.
\bibitem{GUETTA} The Luminosity and Angular Distributions of Logn-Duration GRBs,
Guetta D., Piran T., Waxman E., astroph/0311488, 2003.
\bibitem{DADO} Dado S. et al, A\&A, 422, 381, 2004
\bibitem{HUANG} Huang Y.F., Dai Z. G., Lu T., MNRAS, 332, 735, 2002.
\bibitem{BARRAUD} Barraud C. et al, A\&A, 400, 1021, 2003.
\bibitem{LEVAN} Levan A. et al, astro-ph/0410560, 2004.
\bibitem{FARGION} Fargion D. astro-ph/0011403, 2000.
\bibitem{GCN3002} GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT, 3002, 2005

%References used in chapter 2: Burst Alert System

\bibitem{GCN} The GCN homepage: http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/
\bibitem{HETE} The HETE homepage: http://space.mit.edu/HETE/
\bibitem{INTEGRAL} The INTEGRAL homepage: http://astro.estec.esa.nl/Integral/isoc/
\bibitem{SWIFT} The SWIFT homepage: http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/
\bibitem{CONTROL} MAGIC-TDAS 00-07, Cortina J, 2004.

%References used in Strategies

\bibitem{KNEISKE} Kneiske T.M., Bretz T., Mannheim K., Hartmann D.H., A\&A 413, 807, 2004.
\bibitem{SALOMON} Absorption of HE Gamma Rays by Interactions with Extragalactic Starlight Photons at High Redshifts and the HE Gamma-Ray Background, Salomon M.H., Stecker F.J., ApJ, 493, 547, 1998.
\bibitem{GRB030329} Spectra of the burst: http://space.mit.edu/HETE/Bursts/GRB030329/
\bibitem{ecl} Private communication with Lorenz E.
\bibitem{JUAN} Private communication with Cortina J.

%References used in Timing
\bibitem{REES1} Rees M., Meszaros P., MNRAS, 258, P41, 1992.
\bibitem{REES2} Rees M., Meszaros P., ApJ, 430, P93, 1994.
\bibitem{DERISHEV} HE Gamma-Ray Emission Expected from GRBs,
Derishev E.V., et al., AIP Conference Proceedings, 558, 405, 2001.
\bibitem{WANG} Constraining the Origin of TeV Photons from GRBs with Delayed MeV-GeV Emission
Formed by the Interaction with CMB Photons, Wang, at al., ApJ, 604, 306, 2004.

%Not used references

%\bibitem{PAZCYNSKI} Pazcy\'{n}ski B., Astrophys. J. 308 L43 (1986)
%\bibitem{GOODMAN} Goodman J., Astrophys. J. 308 L47 (1986)
%\bibitem{SARI} Sari R., Piran T., Narayan R., Astrophys. J. 497 L17 (1998)
%\bibitem{XU} Pazcy\'{n}ski B., Xu G., Astrophys. J. 427 708 (1994)

%\bibitem{MESZAROS94} Meszaros P., Rees M., MNRAS 289 L41 (1994)

\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}
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