Changeset 6726
- Timestamp:
- 03/03/05 18:11:47 (20 years ago)
- Location:
- trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal
- Files:
-
- 6 edited
Legend:
- Unmodified
- Added
- Removed
-
trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/Changelog
r6716 r6726 1 2 2005/03/03 Hendrik 3 * text about Dark Matter, new references 1 4 2 5 2005/03/03 Sebastian -
trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/GC.blg
r6672 r6726 3 3 The style file: GC.bst 4 4 Database file #1: bibbib.bib 5 Warning--string name "d10" is undefined 6 --line 222 of file bibbib.bib 7 Warning--string name "d69" is undefined 8 --line 309 of file bibbib.bib 5 9 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Aharonian2005 6 10 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst … … 22 26 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry GC_hess 23 27 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 28 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Pohl1997 29 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 24 30 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry GC_black_hole 31 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 32 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry jung96 33 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 34 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Klypin2002 35 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 36 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Ellis1984 25 37 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 26 38 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Kaluza_Klein 27 39 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 40 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry NFW1997 41 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 42 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Stoehr2002 43 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 44 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Hayashi2004 45 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 46 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Moore1998 47 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 28 48 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Prada2004 29 49 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 30 You've used 13 entries, 50 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Fornego2004 51 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 52 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Evans2004 53 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 54 You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry Hooper2004 55 while executing---line 1972 of file GC.bst 56 You've used 25 entries, 31 57 1987 wiz_defined-function locations, 32 671 strings with 6871characters,33 and the built_in function-call counts, 2681in all, are:34 = -- 18635 > -- 12058 747 strings with 8805 characters, 59 and the built_in function-call counts, 5316 in all, are: 60 = -- 366 61 > -- 251 36 62 < -- 0 37 + -- 4338 - -- 2439 * -- 24440 := -- 35641 add.period$ -- 1342 call.type$ -- 1363 + -- 89 64 - -- 52 65 * -- 498 66 := -- 705 67 add.period$ -- 25 68 call.type$ -- 25 43 69 change.case$ -- 0 44 70 chr.to.int$ -- 0 45 cite$ -- 1446 duplicate$ -- 14747 empty$ -- 27448 format.name$ -- 3649 if$ -- 61571 cite$ -- 26 72 duplicate$ -- 290 73 empty$ -- 537 74 format.name$ -- 76 75 if$ -- 1220 50 76 int.to.chr$ -- 0 51 int.to.str$ -- 1352 missing$ -- 1253 newline$ -- 6654 num.names$ -- 1255 pop$ -- 5777 int.to.str$ -- 25 78 missing$ -- 24 79 newline$ -- 126 80 num.names$ -- 24 81 pop$ -- 104 56 82 preamble$ -- 1 57 83 purify$ -- 0 58 84 quote$ -- 0 59 skip$ -- 10985 skip$ -- 214 60 86 stack$ -- 0 61 substring$ -- 12462 swap$ -- 4787 substring$ -- 246 88 swap$ -- 93 63 89 text.length$ -- 0 64 90 text.prefix$ -- 0 … … 66 92 type$ -- 0 67 93 warning$ -- 1 68 while$ -- 2269 width$ -- 1570 write$ -- 11771 (There were 12error messages)94 while$ -- 45 95 width$ -- 27 96 write$ -- 226 97 (There were 23 error messages) -
trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/GC.log
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333 <Dark_exclusion_limits.eps> 297 298 LaTeX Warning: `!h' float specifier changed to `!ht'.299 300 301 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active []302 303 304 [5]305 334 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 306 335 307 336 308 337 [6] 309 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 310 311 312 [7] (GC.bbl 313 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 314 315 316 [8]) 317 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 318 319 320 [9] (GC.aux) 321 322 LaTeX Warning: There were multiply-defined labels. 323 324 ) 338 Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 216--221 339 340 [] 341 342 343 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 344 345 346 [7] 347 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt too high) has occurred while \output is active [] 348 349 350 [8] (GC.bbl 351 Overfull \vbox (2.49998pt 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trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/GC.tex
r6715 r6726 45 45 46 46 Various possibilities for the acceleration of the very high energy gamma rays 47 are discussed in the literature (like...). Although the observed VHE gamma47 are discussed in the literature, like accretion flow onto the central black hole, supernova shocks in Sgr A East, proton acceleration near the event horizon of the black hole, or WIMP dark matter annihilation. Although the observed VHE gamma 48 48 radiation from the GC is most probably not due to SUSY-neutralino particle 49 49 dark matter (DM) annihilation, other models like Kaluza-Klein dark matter are not ruled out. Moreover, assuming a universal DM distribution profile, the GC is expected to yield the largest DM flux due to its relative vicinity. … … 106 106 107 107 108 In fact, EGRET has detected a strong source in direction of the GC, 3 EG J1745-2852 \cite{GC_egret}, which has a broken power law spectrum extending up to at least 10 GeV, with the index 1.3 below the bread at a few GeV. If in the GC, the gamma ray luminosity of this source is very large $~2 \cdot 10^{37} \mathrm{erg}/\mathrm{s}$, which is equivalent to about 10 Crab pulsars. Up to now, the GC has been observed at energies above 200 GeV by Veritas, Cangaroo and HESS, \cite{GC_whipple,GC_cangaroo,GC_hess}. Figure \ref{fig:GC_gamma_flux} shows the reconstructed spectra by the other IACTs while figure \ref{fig:GC_source_location} shows the different reconstructed positions of the GC source. 108 In fact, EGRET has detected a strong source in direction of the GC, 3 EG J1745-2852 \cite{GC_egret}, which has a broken power law spectrum extending up to at least 10 GeV, with the index 1.3 below the bread at a few GeV. If in the GC, the gamma ray luminosity of this source is very large $~2 \cdot 10^{37} \mathrm{erg}/\mathrm{s}$, which is equivalent to about 10 Crab pulsars. Up to now, the GC has been observed at energies above 200 GeV by Veritas, Cangaroo and HESS, \cite{GC_whipple,GC_cangaroo,GC_hess}. Figure \ref{fig:GC_gamma_flux} shows the reconstructed spectra by the other IACTs while figure \ref{fig:GC_source_location} shows the different reconstructed positions of the GC source. Recently a second TeV gamma source only about 1 degree away from the Galactic Center has been discovered \cite{SNR_G09+01}. Its integral flux above 200 GeV represents about 2\% of the gamma flux from the Crab nebula. 109 109 110 110 \begin{figure}[h!] … … 138 138 \hline 139 139 Investigator & Institution& E-mail & Assigned task\\ \hline 140 Hendrik Bartko & MPI Munich & hbartko@mppmu.mpg.de & data analysis, spectra 140 Hendrik Bartko & MPI Munich & hbartko@mppmu.mpg.de & data analysis, spectra, wobble mode 141 141 \\ Adrian Biland & ETH Zurich & biland@particle.phys.ethz.ch & OFF pointing, Moon observations 142 142 \\ Sebastian Commichau & ETH Zurich & commichau@particle.phys.ethz.ch & … … 154 154 155 155 156 High energy gamma rays can be produced in the GC in the non-thermal radio filaments by high-energy leptons which scatter background infrared photons from the nearby ionized clouds \cite{}, (cite also Aharonia, ...) or by hadrons colliding with dense matter. These high energy hadrons can be accelerated by the massive black hole \cite{GC_black_hole}, associated with the Sgr A$^*$, supernovae or an energetic pulsar. 156 High energy gamma rays can be produced in the GC in the non-thermal radio filaments by high-energy leptons which scatter background infrared photons from the nearby ionized clouds \cite{Pohl1997,Aharonian2005}, or by hadrons colliding with dense matter. These high energy hadrons can be accelerated by the massive black hole \cite{GC_black_hole}, associated with the Sgr A$^*$, supernovae or an energetic pulsar. Alternative mechanisms invoke the hypothetical annihilation of super-symmetric dark matter particles (for a review see \cite{jung96}) or curvature radiation of protons in the vicinity of the central supermassive black hole \cite{}. 157 158 157 159 In order to shed new light on the high energy phenomena in the GC region, and constrain the models mentioned above, new observations with high sensitivity, good spectra reconstruction and angular resolution are necessary. 158 160 … … 177 179 178 180 \subsection{Dark Matter} 179 180 something about DM. Kaluza-Klein \cite{Kaluza_Klein}. 181 182 adiabatic compression: \cite{Prada2004} 183 184 185 Motivation for Dark Matter searches (cosmology). 186 187 Neutralino as DM particle. Production of gamma radiation from neutralino annihilation. 188 181 182 183 The presence of a Dark Matter halo of the Galaxy is well established by stellar dynamics \cite{Klypin2002}. At present, the nature of Dark Matter is unknown, but a number of viable candidates have been advocated within different theoretical frameworks mainly motivated by particle physics (for a review see \cite{jung96}) including the widely studied models of supersymmetric (SUSY) Dark Matter \cite{Ellis1984}. Also models involving extra dimensions are discussed like Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter \cite{Kaluza_Klein}. 184 185 The supersymmetric particle dark matter candidates might self-annihilate into boson or fermion pairs yielding very high energy gammas in subsequent decays and from hadronisation. The gamma flux above an energy threshold per solid angle is given by: 186 187 \begin{equation*} 188 \frac{\text{d} N_{\gamma}(E_{\gamma}>E_{\mathrm{thresh}})}{\text{d}t\ \text{d}A\ \text{d}\Omega }= N_{\gamma}(E_{\gamma}>E_{\mathrm{thresh}}) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\langle \sigma v \rangle}{4 \pi m_{\chi}^2} \cdot \int_{\text{los}}\rho_{\chi}^2(\vec{r}(s,\Omega)) \text{d}s \ , 189 \end{equation*} 190 191 192 where ... is ... . The flux prediction depends on the choise of SUSY paramters and the spatial distribution of the dark matter. The spectra of the produced gamma radiation has a very characteristic feature a sharp cut-off at the mass of the dark matter particle. Also the flux should be absolutely stable in time. 193 194 Numerical simulations of cold dark matter \cite{NFW1997,Stoehr2002,Hayashi2004,Moore1998} predict universal DM halo profiles with density enhancement in the center of the dark halos. In the very center the dark matter density can even more enhanced through an adiabatic compression due to the baryons \cite{Prada2004}. All dark matter distributions that predict observable fluxes are very cusped yielding a point-like source. 195 196 Using fits of these dark matter profiles to the rotation data of the milky way predictions for the gamma flux from SUSY particle dark matter annihilation can be made \cite{Fornego2004,Evans2004}. 197 198 Figure \ref{fig:exclusion_lmits} shows exclusion limits taking the sensitivity of MAGIC from MC simulations into account. Due to its relative vicinity the Galactic Center yield the largest expected flux from particle dark matter annihilation. Nevertheless this flux is more than one order of magnitude below the current MAGIC sensitivity. Also the observed flux from the HESS experiment way above the theoretical expection. 199 189 200 190 201 \begin{figure}[h!] … … 192 203 \includegraphics[totalheight=6cm]{Dark_exclusion_limits.eps} 193 204 \end{center} 194 \caption[DM exclusion limits.]{Exclusion limits for different possible sources of dark matter annihilation radiation. The galactic center is expected to give the largest flux from all sources. Due to the possible flux con} \label{fig: GC_sources}205 \caption[DM exclusion limits.]{Exclusion limits for different possible sources of dark matter annihilation radiation. The galactic center is expected to give the largest flux from all sources. Due to the possible flux con} \label{fig:exclusion_lmits} 195 206 \end{figure} 207 208 209 Detailed discussion of the observed gamma flux from the Galactic Center can be found in \cite{Hooper2004,Horns2004}. The observed spectrum extends to more than 18 TeV, well beyond the favoured mass region of the lightest SUSY particle, and the observed flux is larger than the theoretical expection in most models. This leads to the conclusion that most likely the dominating part of the observed gamma flux from the Galactic Center is not due to SUSY particle Dark Matter annihilation. Other dark matter scenarios like Kaluza-Klein Dark Matter can not be excluded. 210 211 196 212 197 213 \newpage -
trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/GC.toc
r6675 r6726 1 1 \select@language {english} 2 2 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{3} 3 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Investigators and Affiliations}{ 5}3 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Investigators and Affiliations}{4} 4 4 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Scientific Case}{5} 5 5 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Leptonic Models}{5} 6 6 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Hadronic Models}{5} 7 7 \contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Dark Matter}{5} 8 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Preparatory Work}{ 5}9 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Feasibility}{ 6}10 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Observational Constraints}{ 7}11 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Requested Observation Time}{ 7}12 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Outlook and Conclusions}{ 8}13 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {A}Acknowledgements}{ 8}8 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Preparatory Work}{7} 9 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Feasibility}{7} 10 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Observational Constraints}{8} 11 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Requested Observation Time}{8} 12 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Outlook and Conclusions}{9} 13 \contentsline {section}{\numberline {A}Acknowledgements}{9} -
trunk/MagicSoft/GC-Proposal/bibbib.bib
r6672 r6726 1 @Article{Ellis1984, 2 author = "Ellis, John R. and Hagelin, J. S. and Nanopoulos, D. V. and 3 Olive, Keith A. and Srednicki, M.", 4 title = "Supersymmetric relics from the big bang", 5 journal = "Nucl. Phys.", 6 volume = "B238", 7 year = "1984", 8 pages = "453-476", 9 SLACcitation = "%%CITATION = NUPHA,B238,453;%%" 10 } 11 12 @ARTICLE{Klypin2002, 13 author = {{Klypin}, A. and {Zhao}, H. and {Somerville}, R.~S.}, 14 title = "{{$\Lambda$}CDM-based Models for the Milky Way and M31. I. Dynamical Models}", 15 journal = "ApJ", 16 year = 2002, 17 month = jul, 18 volume = 573, 19 pages = {597-613}, 20 adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2002ApJ...573..597K&db_key=AST}, 21 adsnote = {Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System} 22 } 23 24 @ARTICLE{Pohl1997, 25 author = {{Pohl}, M.}, 26 title = "{The galactic center arc as source of high energy {$\gamma$}-rays.}", 27 journal = "A\&A", 28 year = 1997, 29 month = jan, 30 volume = 317, 31 pages = {441-447}, 32 adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1997A%26A...317..441P&db_key=AST}, 33 adsnote = {Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System} 34 } 35 36 @Article{SNR_G09+01, 37 author = "Aharonian, F. and others", 38 collaboration = "The H.E.S.S.", 39 title = "Very high energy gamma rays from the composite SNR 40 G0.9+0.1", 41 year = "2005", 42 eprint = "astro-ph/0501265", 43 SLACcitation = "%%CITATION = ASTRO-PH 0501265;%%" 44 } 45 46 1 47 @manual{MC-Camera, 2 48 author = "Blanch,O. and Moralejo,A.",
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